aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jid vd;gJ KO kf;fisAk; jd; mjpfhuj;Jf;Fs; nfhz;L tUtjhFk;. mkph;jypq;k; tiu [dehafk; vd;w Nghh;itapy; %yk; nfhz;Ltug; gl;lJ. ,th;fs; KOj; jkpo;g; NgRk; kf;fisAk; (gpuNjr uPjpahfTk;> rhjp uPjpahfTk;> kw;iwa r%fq;fisAk;) MSk; mjpfhur; rf;jpia ngw;whh;fs;. ,ij ];j;jpug;gLj;j MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;fs;. ,jd; Clhfg; nghJTilikr; rpe;jidfis tsutplhJ jLj;J mth;fis mopj;jhh;fs;. mg; nghJTilikj; jj;Jtj;jpd; chpikahsh;fs; vd;W chpik NfhUfpd;whh;fs;. <o tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; %yk; jkpo;j; Njrpa Yd;gq;fs; cUthdhh;fs;. ,J jhd; gaq;futhjk; jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; cUthtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. (nyypd; $wpa Yd;gq;fs; NtW). ,d;W mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fs; aho; Nkl;Lf; Fb kf;fshf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> mk; Nkl;Lf; Fb rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;lth;fs; MFk;. fUzh (kl;lf;fsg;ghd;) aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F vjpuhf nray;g;gLtjhy; mth; jiyia (nfhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W aho; cau; rhjpapdh; gfpuq;fkhff; $WtJ) vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $WtJ

mt; aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jid jhd;. jilnra;ag;gl;l mikg;Gf;fspy; cs;s aho; ,isQh;fs; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJTk; ,Nj rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilapy;j; jhd;.

,itfis th;f;f uPjpahfr; rpe;jpf;fhtpl;lhy; ehKk; ,r; rf;jpf;Fs; rpf;f Ntz;btUk;.

ghrpak; ,dthjj;jpd; kW cUtkhFk;. Kjyhspj;Jt mlf;F Kiwfis tpl ,g; ghrpak; nfh^khdJ. ,jdhy;j;jhd; ];lhypd; Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfSld; $l;Lr; Nrh;e;J fpl;yiu mopf;f Kbe;jJ.

N[h;kd; Njy;f;fbf;fg;gl;ljhy;j; jhd; gaq;futhjj;Jf;F; KbTfl;lg;gl;lJ. mNj rkak; rPtpd; Gul;rp ,lk; ngw;wJ.

[p. [p. aho; Nkl;Lf; Fb kfdhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,dthjj;ijg; Ngrtpy;iy. nry;tehafj;jhy; Muk;gpj;J itf;fg;gl;l aho; Nkl;Lf; Fb Nkyhjpf;fk;. mkph;jh; %ykhf aho; ikathjkhf tsh;r;rp ngw;wJ. ,jw;F xU gb Nky;r; nrd;W gpughfud; gaq;futhj khf khw;wpdhd;. gpughfud; aho; Nkl;Lf;Fb kfd; ,y;iy (Ke;jp ,e;j Nkl;Lf;Fbapd; rfy kf;fisAk; Mz;lhh;fs;) aho; Nkl;Lf; Fb kf;fis mtd; ,dW MSfpd;whd; vd;W rpe;jpg;gJ mgj;jkhFk;.

aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; ahu;?. ,d;W ahu; ,e;j Nkl;Lf;Fbr; rpe;jidia ifahStJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F tpilfhd Ntz;Lkhapd; rhjp uPjpahd Ma;tpidiaAk;> khh;f;rpathjpfisg; gw;wpa Ma;tpidAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; xJf;fg;gl;l r%fk;> xJf;fpa r%fk; vJ vJ vd;W NtWgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;J kjj;jpd; Mjpf;fj;Jf;Fg; gpd; jhd;

                                    -2-

,e;j kdpj NtWghLfs; cUthfpaJ. (irt rkaj;jpy; ,itfs; ,y;iy.). Vd; irt cau; Fbfs; vd;W $WtJ Vd;vdpy; jkpof;Fk; irtj;Jf;Fk; cwT ,Uf;fpd;wgbahy;j; (KUfg; ngUkhd; jkpo;f;

flTs;) jhd; ,e;J kjj;jpd; kW ngauhf irt rkaj;ijj; jkpoh;fspd; Nkhjpf;fthjpfs; gad;gbj;jpfpd;whh;fs;. ,e;J kjg; Ngjidfis irt rkag; Ngjidfs; vd;W MWKfehtyh; mwpKfg; gbj;jpdhh;.

,e;J kjj;Jf;Fk; irtrkaj;Jf;Fk; kpfg; nghpa NtWghLfs; cilaJ vd;gij mjDila Kiwfspy; njspthfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

aho; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; FbapdUk;> Nky;y Nky;y Nkl;Lf; Fbahf cah;e;jth;fSk;> FU Fy kPdt kf;fSk; jhd; jkpo; kf;fspd; mjpfhu th;f;fkhf tpsq;fpath;fs;. kw;iwa r%f kf;fs; ,th;fspd; mbikfshFk;.

,uhkhadg; NghUf;Fg;gpd; jkpoh;fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j irt rkak; mopf;fg;gl;L ,e;J kjk; jkpo; kf;fis Mf;fhpkpj;jJ.

,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; tl ,e;jpahtpy; gpuhkz Mjpf;fj;ij gug;Gtjf;fhf njw;if Nef;fp te;jth;fs; jhd; ,th;fs;. jpuhtl ehl;bd; cs;s gpuhkzpah;fSf;F Kd;dhdy; ,th;fs; gaU mtpahky; Nghdjhy; jkpo; ehl;by; td;dpah; vd;w r%fkhf thOfpd;whh;fs;.

Fwpg;gpl;l tpfpjpdh;fs; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; te;J FbNawpdhh;fs;. ,th;fs; jhd; aho; ,e;J Nkl;Lf;Fb r%fkhFk;. ,th;fSf;F RNjrpa tUkhdk; ,y;yhjgbahy; ,th;fs; MSk; mjpfhuj;Jld; xl;b tho;e;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s rfy ,d kf;fisAk; jq;fs; MSk; mjpfhuj;Jf;Fs; fl;Lg;gbj;jp mbikfshf tho itj;jhh;fs;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; rhjp uPjpahfTk;> gpuNjr uPjpahfTk;> ,d uPjpahfTk;> kj uPjpahfTk;> th;f;f uPjpahfTk; gif Kuz;ghLfis cUthf;fp kf;fis gphpj;J mjpfhuk; (MSikAk;) nrYj;jpdhh;fs;. irt rkaj;ij gpd;gw;wpa xU rpy r%fq;fs; ,th;fisg; Nghy; jhq;fSk; muR mjpfhuj;Jld; Xl;bf; nfhs;tjf;fhf Nky; Nky; cah; Fbfyhf khwpdhh;fs;. ,jdhy; ,th;fs; jq;fSila RNjrpa tUkhdj;ij ,oe;J tpl;lhh;fs;. muR cj;jpNahfk; jhd; ,th;fspd; Njrpa tUkhdkhf khwpahjy; fy;tp Kf;fpaj;Jtkhf khwpaJ. ,jdhy; jq;fSila rfy kdpj ,Ug;Gf;fisAk; ,oe;J tpl;lgbahy;> mij epiy NeWj;jf;F nkhop> fhyr;rhuk; Nghd;witfis J}f;fpg; gpbf;fpd;whh;fs;. aho; kf;fSf;Fk; vjpuhf vJ ele;jhYk; Mf;Fnuhrkh khwptpLth;fs;. mJFk; ngz; tpilaj;jpy; (fw;g;ig Kjd;ikg;gbj;jp) ,th;fSila Nfhu Kfq;fisg; ghh;f;fshk;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;j;jhd; ,e;j <og; Nghuhl;lk; njlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,th;fs; Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; gpdhkpfshfNt ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; jhd; gr;ir ,dthjpfs; MFk;. 1956 k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; ,yq;if

-3-

murpaypy; ngUk; khw;wq;fs; Vh;g;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tpopk;G epiy         

kf;fspd; tho;T epiyapy; khw;wq;fs; Vh;g;gl;lJ. rpq;fs> kiyaf> K];yPk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpf msT khw;wq;fs Vh;g;gl;lJ. aho; Nkyhjpf;f MSikahy; jkpo; kf;fspd; kj;jpapy; Xh; msTf;Fj;jhd; ,k; khw;wk; epfo;e;jJ. <og; Nghuhl;lj;jhy; ,t; khw;wk; Koikahfj; jilg;gl;L tpl;lJ. jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; cUthj khw;Wj; jiyikfs; mopf;fg;gl;lik> khh;f;rpa nghJTlikthjpfSk;

mopf;fg;gl;lik> ,th;fSld; Gj;jp[ptpfSk;> kdpj NeaKk; [dehaf thjpfSk; mopf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.

fiuNaug; gFjp kf;fs; kPdth;fs; my;y. mth;fspd; [Ptpaj;Jf;fhf kPd; gpbj; njhopiy Nkw;f; nfhz;lth;fs;. ,jpy; FUFy kPdt r%fk; tpjptpsf;fhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; fg;gy; fl;b ntsp ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W tpaghuk; nrajth;fs;.

aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; jq;fs; fpuhkj;Jf;Fs; kw;iwa r%fj;jpdh; (Cau; rhjpapdh;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; $l) FbNaw mDkjpg;gJ ,y;iy. (epyk; Gyk; tpw;f;f mDkjpg;gJ ,y;iy). mNjNghy; ,th;fs; thOk; vy;iyf;Fs; khw;W kdpjh;fs; tUtij mDkjpg;gJ ,y;iy. (,d;Wk; mNj epiyjhd;). XNu rpe;jidAilath;fs; vd;gjf;F NtW rhl;rp Ntz;lhk;.

aho; cah; Nkl;Lf;Fb Mjpf;fk; Nkl;Lf;Fbahf khwpa cah; mkph;jUf;Fg; gpd;) rhjpapdhpd; iff;F Nkyhjpf;fk; khwpajd; tpiothf ,J Nkl;Lf;Fbr; rpe;jid ,y;iy vd;W rpy khh;f;rpa thjpfs; vz;Dfpd;whh;fs;. ,JFk; xU th;f;f uPjpahd rpe;jid vd;gij kWjopf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jf;F ];lypd; 2tJ cyfkhfh Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ fpl;yhpd; gaq;futhj;ij mopg;gjf;F Kjyhspj;Jt ehLfSld; nra;J nfhz;l xg;gj;jj;ij xg;gpl;Lf; fijf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jpy; ,Ue;J ,th;fs; jq;fis Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; vd;w rpe;jid Njhd;wpAs;sJ vd;gNj nghUshFk;. ,jdhy;j;jhd; ,th;fs; ,e;jj; aho; <oj; jkpo; Njrpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. fle;j fhyj;jpy; khh;f;rpa ,lJrhupfSk;> nghJTlik thjpfSk; vg;gb mopf;fg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;w tuyhw;iw ,th;fSf;F epidTl;l tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhd;.

,uhkhdg; Nghupy; ,uhkd; ,yq;iff;F fly; flg;gjf;F vjtpath;fs; jhd; ,t; kPdt r%fkhFk;. ,th;fspd; kj;jpapYk; Vw;wj; jho;TfSk; cz;L.

(,th;fis ,uhkhapdk; Fuq;Ffshf rpe;jupj;Js;sJ mNj Nghy; ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;j irt kf;fis muf;fuh;fshf rpj;jhpj;J cs;sJ)

-4-

FUFy kPdt r%fk; ,uhkhpd; tspj; Njhd;wypy; cUthd r%fkhFk;. ,th;fs ,uhkhapd; Nghupy; fg;gy; xl;Lk; jiyikg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;jth;fs;. ,jdhy;j;jhd; ,th;fs; ntsp ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W (fg;gy; fl;b) tpahghuk; nra;jhh;fs;. kPd; gpbj; njhopiy nra;atpy;iy. ,jdhy; kw;iwa kPd; gpbr; r%fj;ij Fiwe;j rhjpapdh;fs; vd;W fUjpdhh;fs;. ,jdhy;j;jhd; gpughfud; jq;fj;Jiua Nltpr;Dila jiyikfis Vh;f;f kWj;jJ vd;gJ ajhj;jkh cz;ikahFk;.

gujdpd; tspj; Njhd;wypy; cUthd r%fk; Mo; flypy; kPd; gpbj; njhopiyg; Ghpe;jth;fs;. jq;fj;Jiuiar; rhu;e;j r%fkhFk;. ,th;fs; ,uhkhapd; Nghupy; cjtpf; fg;gy; xl;bfshf tpsq;fpath;fs;.

,yr;Rkhdpd; tspj; Njhd;wypy; cUthd r%fk; eLf;flypy; kPd; gpbj; njhopiy nra;gth;fs;. Fl;bkzpia rhu;e;j r%fkhFk;. ,th;fs;

tPuk; kpf;fth;fs;. ,uhapdg; Nghuy; fly; gil mjpfhupfshf njhopy; Ghpe;jth;fs;.

rfhNjtd;> eFsy; Nghd;wth;spd; tspj; Njhd;wy; r%fk; Fsj;jpYk;> fiuNahuq;fspy; kPd; gpbg;gth;fs;.

rptj;jk;gp> Nltpr;rd; Nghd;wth;fspd; rhu;e;j r%fkhFk;. ,th;fs; rpe;jidAilath;fs;. ,th;fs; ,uhkhapdg; Nghupy; rhjhuz fly;g;gil tPuh;fshf ,Ue;jth;fs;. ,t; r%fj;jpd; (KO ,yq;ifapd; fly; fiuNahug; gFjpapy; thOk; r%fj;jpd;) kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J jhd; xU Gul;rpfukhd khw;Wr; rpe;jidfs; ,yq;if murpaYf;Fs; Eioe;jJ.

,jf;F nfhy;tpd;> rpy;thf;fs;> tp[patPuh> Nltpr;rd; Nghd;wth;fis cjhuzk; fhl;l KbAk;.

jPt kf;fis rhjpapd; ngauhy; miog;gJ ,y;iy. nghJthf jPthh; vd;W jhd; miof;fg;gLthh;fs;. ,th;fspy; rpyh; tpahghu uPjpahf gzk; gyk; mile;j gpd;G Nkl;Lf;Fbr; rpe;jidahsh;fyhf khwp> Nkl;Lf;Fb r%fk; thOk; gpuNjrq;fspy; FbNawpdhh;fs;.

gpuhkzpah;fSf;Fk; NjtjhrpfSf;Fk; (Nfhapy;fspy; ,iwtDf;Fj; njhz;L nra;Ak; ngz;fs;) gpwe;j r%fe;jhd; ,ir Ntshsh;fs; (el;Lth;).

rptngUkhdpd; jiyapy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jth;fs; gpuhkzpah;fs;.

rptngUkhdpd; Grj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jth;fs; nrq;Fe;j r%fkhFk;. (rj;jphpah;) ,th;fs; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; gilg;gphpthFk;> gpd;dh; aho;g;ghz kd;dh;fspd; gilg; gpupthf ,Ue;jth;fs;. Nghh; ,y;yhj                             

-5-

fhyq;fspy; nerT njhopiya; Nkw; nfhzlth;fs;. ,e; njhopy; %yk; cL Jzp jd;epiuT ngw;W ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; gphpj;jhdpah;fs;

,th;fspd; nerTj; njhopiy mopj;J tWikapy; epiyf;F nfhz;L nrd;whh;fs;.

md;iwa muR ,th;fSf;F fy;tp mwpitAk;> muR njhofisAk; nfhLg;gjpy; gpd; epd;wJ. ,th;fs; thOk; fpukhj;jpy; mk; kf;fspy; xUjUf;F nghyp]; ( fpuhk Nrtfh;) gjtp fpilj;jJ. jtpf;f Kbahj fhuzj;jy;j;jhd; ,g; gjtp ,r; r%j;Jf;F ,ilj;jJ.

,r; nray;g;ghl;Lf;F Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fspd; Mjutpd; %yk;jhd; gpj;jhdpah;fs; ,th;fis mbikahf;fpdhh;fs;. ,th;fs; jq;fs; [Ptdj;Jf;fhf kw;iwa r%fq;fSld; ,ize;J Vida jkpo;g; gpuNjrq;fspy; nrd;W tho;e;jhh;fs;.

MWKf ehtyupd; Ngjidg;gb rhjpg; gbtq;fs; cUthfpaJ. ,th; cUthf;fpa kjg;Gj;jfq;fs; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fshf ghlrhiyfspy; Ngjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;J kjj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl; 4 th;zq;fSf;Fs; ,r; r%fj;ij mlf;fhky; 5tJ th;zj;ij cUthf;fp mjf;Fs; mlf;fptpl;lhh;fs;. ,t; th;zj;Jf;Fs;j; jhd; jho;j;jg;gl;l r%fq;fisAk; mlf;fpdhh;fs;.

KjyhtJ th;zk;:- MSk; th;f;fj;ijf; $wpf;Fk;

,uz;lhtJ tH;zk;:- gpuhkzpah;fisf; $wpf;Fk;

%d;whtJ th;zk;:- re;jphpah;fisf; $wpf;Fk; (Nghh; tPuh;fs;)

ehyhtJ th;zk;:- tpahghupfisf; $wpf;Fk;

Ie;jhtJ th;zk;;:- coif;Fk; tpspk;G epiy kf;fs;.

1956 k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; ,t; tUzj;jpy; (5) cs;s r%f kf;fspd; tho;T epiyapy; ngUk; khw;wq;fs; Vh;g;gl;lJ. Flh ehl;il jhz;b thOk; jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; rhjp uPjpahd Kuz;ghLfs; kpfg; kpfg; FiwT. Ciog;ghy; ,th;fSf;Fr; rkj;Jtk; fpilj;jJ. ,Nj Nghy;j; jhd; th;f;fh uPjpahf rkj;Jtk; fpilj;jJ. ,NjNghd;W jhd; rpq;fs r%j;jpYk; rkj;Jtk; cUthdJ.

,dthjNk> rhjp Kuz;ghLfNy fPo; ,Ue;J cUthtjpy;iy> ,it Nky; (mjpfhu th;f;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J) ,Ue;J cUthFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ,lk; ngUk; rfy eiltbf;fSf;Fk; Nky;j; jl;L kf;fs;jhd; fhuzkhFk;. MdhYk; aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jid jhd; Kof; Kf;fg; nghWg;ghFk;. ,itfis xU th;f;f mbg;gilapy; itj;Jr; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ij tpl;Ltpl;L <og; Nghuhl;lk; Nkl;Lf;Fb rpe;jidf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; vd;W $WtJ jpUGthjr; rpe;jidahFk;. ,th;fSk; xU Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jid thjpfs; vd;W fUjj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;j; jhd; ,th;fs; <og; gaq;futhj;ij Mjupf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,jf;F nghJTilikg; Gul;rp elj;jpa Kd;Ndbfs; $wpa tpilaq;fis jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fs;.