NjlfKk;
khw;Wf; fUj;Jk; aho; Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jidAk; vd;w fl;Liuapy; MWKf ehtyiug; gw;w
vOjpa tpilak; gpioahd juthf mike;Js;sJ. ,J aho; cah; ,e;J Ntshsh;fis
ey;yth;fshfr; rpj;jhpf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;,th;fs; jdJ fl;Liu %yk; cah. ,e;J Nkl;Lf;
Fbr; rpe;jidia [jhh;j;jkhf ehb gpbj;Jg; ghh;j;Js;shh;. mtiu mwpahkNyNa ,g; gpio
ele;Js;sJ vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;wbgahy; ehd; [jhh;j;jkhd cz;ik epiyia vOJfpd;Nwd;.
MjhtJ
MWKf ehtyupd; rpiy Ch;tykhd tpilakhFk;.
KjyhtJ
jkpo; Muhar;rp khehL ,e;jpahtpy; eilngw;wJ. ,q;F cyfj;jpy; cs;s vy;yhj; jkpo;
mwpQh;fSf;Fk; rpiy itf;fg;gl;lJ.aho; cah; Nkl;Lf; Fbapduhy;j; jq;fs; jkpo;
mwpQh; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l MWKf ehtyiuj; jtpu.
Vd;
mtUf;Fr; rpiy itf;f Kbahkyg; Nghdjw;fjhd %y fhuzk;.
,jw;fhff;
fe;j Guhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J 600 tupg; ghly;fis mg; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;J mfw;wpaik ,jw;F
ey;y cjhuzkhFk;.
2. rhjp
mbg;gilia ,e;J kjj;ijg; Nghjidfs; vd;W Gj;jfq;fs; vOjpaik.,g; Gj;jfq;fis
,yq;ifapy; cs;sj; jkpo;g; ghlrhiyfspy; ,e;J kjg; Nghjidfs; vd;W rpW tajpNyNa
Nghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fioe;ijg; gUtj;jpNyNa rhjp vd;w tprj;ijg; gug;gpdhh;fs;.
,d;W ,t; cah; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; Gyk; ngau;e;j ehLfspy;j; jkpo; vd;w
ngaupy; ,g; Gj;jfj;ijg; Nghjpf;fpd;whh;fs;.
,g;
Gj;jfq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;j; jhd; ,d;iwa jkpo; mwpT[Ptpfs; MWKf ehtyiuj; jkpo;
mwpQh; vd;W vil Nghl;lhh;fs;.
3. tl ehl;Lg;
gpuhkzpfSf;F Mjuthf (nghUs; gzj;Jf;fhf) njd; ehl;Lg; gpuhkzpfSf;F vjpuhf
tof;Fg; Nghl;lik
tl ehl;Lg; gpuhkzpah;fspd;
Mjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhfj; jPtpukhfr; nray;g;gl;l ,uhkypq;fk; mbfSf;F (jpUtUs;g;gh
vd;w E}Yf;F)
vjpuhf
MWKf ehtyh; %yk; tlehl;Lg; gpuhkzpfs; xU tof;ifg; gjpT nra;jhh;fs;. (,jd; %yk;
mtUf;F ,e;jpahtpy;g; gy ngWkjpahdr; nrhj;Jf;fs; fpilj;jJ. ,r; nrhj;Jf;fis ,d;W
aho; cah; ,e;J Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf;Fb kfd; MSfpd;whh;).
gzj;Jf;fhf
ve;j jtuhd fhupaq;fisAk; Jzpe;J nra;af; $bath;fSk; (kf;fs; tpNuhjr;
nray;fis)mij rup vd;W mbj;J thjhLgth;fSk; ,e;j cah; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs;
jhd;. ,J ,th;fSf;F ,J ifte;j fiy. (md;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;W tiu)
,g;gbahd
gy tpilaq;fSf;fhfTk;> kdpjh;fisf; $W Nghl;ljw;fhfTk;> mJTk; my;yhky;
kdpjj;ijAk; kdpjh;fisAk; kjpf;fhj gz;ghL mw;wkdpjd; vd;w fhuzj;jhy; MWKf
ehtyUf;Fr; rpiy vLf;f KbahJ vd;W md;iwa cyfj; jkpo; mwpQh;fs; KbT vLj;Jr;
nray;g; gLj;jpdhh;fs;.,e;j kfhehl;Lf; FOtpy; ,yq;ifg; gpujpepjpfshff;
ifyhrgjpAk;> rptj;jk;gpAk; mq;fk; tfpj;jhh;fs;.
rptj;jk;gp
nk[;Nf fk;A+dp];f; fl;rpapd; mq;fj;jtuhf ,Ue;j gbahYk;> ifyhrgjp rPdf;
fk;A+d] fl;rpapd; mq;fj;jtuhf ,Ue;jgbahYk;> mj; jkpo; mwpQh;fspd; ju;f;f
uPjpahd thjj;Jf;F Kd;dhy; thjpl Kbahky; nksdkhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. Vd;vdpy; ,t;
,UtUk; jq;fisg; nghJTilikthjpfs; vd;W fhl;bf; nfhz;lgbahy;.
,q;F jdJ
vjpu;g;igf; fhl;l Kbahky;g; Nghdjhy;j; jkpo; ehl;L ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gpw;Nghf;F
,yf;fpak; vd;W tpkh;rpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
(,jw;F
Kd;dh; mt; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Kw;Nghf;fhd ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;W ifyhrgjp ek;gp
,Ue;Js;shh;). rpwpkhX ,e;jg; ,yf;fpag; Gj;jfq;fis jil nra;jhh;. ,jdhy;
,yq;ifapy; Gjpa jkpo; ,yf;fpathjpfs; cUthdhh;fs;. (,t; ,yf;fpathjpfspy;j;
jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf elf;Fk; egh;fis cah;j;jp tpl;lhh;fs;. gyh; Xuk;
fl;lg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,jd; %yk; jhd; rpwe;j ,yf;fpathjpfs; vd;w mq;fpfhug; glyk;
Muk;gkhfpaJ. ,jdhy; ,t; Nkl;Lf; Fb kfdpk;d; fhybapy;g; gyh; jtk; fple;jhh;fs;.
,J ,d;Wk; njhlu;fpd;wJ)
rptj;jk;gp
mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; xU khh;f;rpa ez;gupl;k; $wpdhuhk;. ,t;tsT fhyKk; ePq;fs;
(aho; cah; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs;) jkpo; NgRk; kf;fis Mz;Bh;fs;. Vd; vdJ r%fj;jth;fs;
(kPdt r%fk;) Msf; $lhJ. mjpy; Vd; jtW ,Uf;fpd;wJ. khh;f;rpa thjpfshd ePq;fs;
Vd; Mjhpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vLj;Jf; $wpdhuhk;. ,e;j khh;f;rpa khNkijapd; $w;iw
Vw;w gy khh;f;rpa thjpfs; ,g; gaq;futhj aho; <og; Nghuhl;lj;Jld; ,ize;J
tpl;lhh;fs;. ,g; Nghuhl;lk; aho; cah; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; FbfSf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk;
vd;W rg;Gf;fl;Lf; fl;Lfpd;whh;fs;. ,th;fspd; khh;f;rpa mwpit ePq;fs; vil
Nghl;Lf; nfhs;syhk;.
Fwpg;G:-
,yq;ifapd; ,dthjKk; r%f khw;wKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; 1979 k; Mz;L r%f tpQ;Qhdr;
rq;fj;jhy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l fUj;juq;fpy; ifyhrgjp vOjpa Ma;Tf; fl;Liuia
ePq;fs; [jhh;j;jkhf thrpj;J mjd; cs; Nehf;fq;fisg; Gupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,Nj Ma;T
muq;fpy; rptj;jk;gp vOjpa Ma;Tf; fl;Liuia vOJk; NghJ jd;id aho; ,e;J cah;
Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jidthjpahf ,Ue;J nfhz;L vOjg;gl;lJ. (,th; gy tUlq;fs;
nfhOk;gpy; tho;e;jgbahy;.) gpd;G ,th; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F te;jgbahy;j;jhd; vd;d r%fj;ijr; rhu;e;jth; vd;W Gupe;J
nfhz;lhh;. ,jDila ntspg;ghLjhd; me;jf; $w;whFk;.
Aho; cah;
,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbj; jkpo; mwpQh;fs; ehtyUf;F aho;g;ghzj;jpy;r; rpiy itg;gjhfj;
jPh;khdpj;jhh;fs;. (,yq;ifapy; elj;jg;gl;l 2tJ jkpo; Muhr;rp kfhehl;Lf;
FOtpdh;fs;)
,r; rpiy
Ch;tyk; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; thOk; tPjpfshSf;F clhfTk; kPdt r%fk; thOk;
tPjpfSf;F ClhfTk; vLj;Jr; nry;yf; $lhJ vd;W jil tpjpj;jhh;fs;. (rptj;jk;gp ,f;
FOtpy; ,Ue;jhh;). ,jw;F KO aho; cah; ,e;J Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fspd; MjuT ,Ue;jJ. ,J
Nghy; ,yq;ifapy; eilngw;w rfy ,df; fytuq;fSf;Fk; ,th;fspd; MjuT ,Ue;jJ.
cjhuzkhfr;
rpwp vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhl;lk;> rj;jpahf; fpufk;> 13 ,uhZtj;ijf; nfhd;wik
Nghd;witahFk;.
rpwp vjpu;g;Gg;
Nghuhl;lj;jhy; aho;j; jkpo;j; jiyikfs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; rpwp vOj;Jg; nghwpj;j
fhupy;g; gtdp te;jhh;fs;. fpof;Fj; jkpo;j; jiyik jkpo; rpwp vOj;Jg; nghwpj;j
fhu;fspy; gtzp te;jhh;fs;>
A. vd;.
gp.> rpq;fs ,dthjj; jiyikfSk; rpq;fsr; rpwp nghwpj;j fhu;fspy;
gtdpte;jhh;fs;. K];yPk;> kiyafj; jiyik Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fsr; rpwpfisg;
gad;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; thfdq;fs; ,y;yhj Vioj; jkpo; kf;fs; ,df; fytuj;jhy;g;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,r; rpwp vjph;g;Gg; Nghuhl;lj;ij th;f;f uPjpahf Ma;T
nra;jhy; [jhh;j;jkhd cz;ikfisf; fz;L mwpa KbAk;.
rj;jpahf;
fufj;jpd; %yk; Kw;Nghf;F muq;fj;jpd; Ml;rpiaf; fiyj;Jg; ngsj;j ,dthj A. vd;.
gp. Ald; aho;j; jkpo;j; jiyik rq;fkkhfpaJ.
1983 k;
Mz;L 13 ,uhZtj;ijf; nfhd;wjd; %yk; N[. Mh;> cyf th;j;jf tiyaj;ijf; nfhz;L
te;jik (cyf kakhf;Fk; nfhs;if Mrpahtpy; tpj;jplg;gl;lJ.) gpughfudpd; vjphpfs;
mopf;fg;gl;lik Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; ,lk; ngw;wd ( nuNyhj; jiyik mopf;fg;gl;lJ)
N[. Mh;
upd; 19 tUl Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;g; ngsj;j rpq;fs ,dth Ml;rpf;F KOj; jkpo;j;
jiyikfSk; (mkph;jh; njhlf;fk; gpughfud; tiuapy;) MjuT nfhLj;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; muR
gaq;futhjk; cr;rf; fl;lj;Jf;F tsh;e;jJ. mNj Neuk; <og; gaq;futhjKk; tsh;r;rp
ngw;wJ. ,jdhy;j; jkpo;g; NgRk; kf;fspd; r%fg; ghJfhg;Gf;F gq;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,jd;
cr;r tbte;jhd; 2005 k; Mz;L eilngw;w Njh;jypy; aho;j; jkpo; kf;fspd; thf;
Fupikfisg; Gypfs; mlhtbj;jdkhfg; gwpj;jJ. (1948 k; Mz;L kiyafj; jkpo; kf;fspd;
rfy chpikfSk; gwpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J aho; Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf; Fbj; jiyikfspd; ([p. [p
apd;) MjuT ,Ue;jJ.)
1956 k;
Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; jkpoh;fs; kj;jpapy; khw;Wj; jiyikfs; cUthfpaJ. (,J Njrpa
Kjyhspj;Jtj;ijr; rhu;e;jJ). <og; Nghuhl;lk; cUthfpa gpd;G nghJTilik nfhz;l
khh;f;rpaj; jj;Jtjj;jpd; tsh;r;rp (,isQh;fs; kj;jpapy;) ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,t;
tsh;r;rfis ,e;j aho; cah; Nkyhjpf; Nkl;Lf; Fbj; jiyikfs; mopj;jJ. ,jw;F ngsj;j
rpq;fs ,dthjf; fl;rpfspd; (A; vd;. gp) KO MjuT fpilj;jJ. ,jf;F ,th;fs;
njhlr;rpahd ,df; fytuj;ij elj;Jthh;fs;. ,jw;Fj; jkpoh;fspd; ghrp gbe;j
fyhr;rhug; gz;ghLfis Kjd;ikg; gLj;Jth;fs;. ( vy;iyg; Gwj;jpy; thOk; jkpo;
kf;fs; kPJ jhd ,df; fytuj;ij cUthf;fp ,dthjj;ij tsh;g;ghh;fs;). ,f; fytuk; ahu;
nra;jhYk; khw;W murpay; thjpfspd; jiyapy;j; jhd; tpOk;.
Cjhuzkhfg;
Gypfisj; jkpo; kf;fspd; Vf gpujpepjpahf mq;fpfupf;fhj <. Gp. b. gp> N[.
t[. gp> Njrpa Kjyhspj;Jt murpay; thjpfs;> ,lJ rhupfs; midtUk; jkpo; ,dj;
JNuhfpfs; vd;W $wp (aho; ikathj; jiyik) tupe;J fl;bf; nfhz;L gpur;rhuk; nra;tij
ePq;fs; ,d;W mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
aho;
Nkl;Lf; Fb Nkyhjpf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhff; fpof;fpy; (MAj uPjpahf) ,Ue;J fUzhtpd; tUif
(Gypfspd; gyj;ijr; rpjubj;jJ) ,e;j aho; Nkl;Lf; Fb ikathjj;Jf;F tpOe;j ,bahFk;. ,jdhy;j; jhd; rkhjhdg;
Ngr;Rthh;j;ijf;Fr; nrd;w Gypfs; jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; cupikg; gw;wp Ngrhky;
fUzhtpd; jiyiag; gw;wpg; Ngrpdhh;fs;. (,th;fs; rkhjhdg; Ngr;R thh;j;ijf;Fg;
Nghftpy;iy vd;gij 2004 k; Mz;L yz;ldpy; ghyhtpd; (gpughfudpd; ciuf;F tsf;f
ciuapy;) khtPuh; ciu njspT gLj;jpAs;sJ.) ,e;j ciuf;Fg; gpughfuNd my;yJ ntsp
ehLfspy; cs;s Gypfspd; murpay; Ma;thsh;fNs kWg;G ,d;W tiu njhptpf;ftpy;iy.
jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs; kPJ mf;fiw nfhz;lth;fshff; fhl;bf; nfhs;Sk; ,diwaj; Njlf
ez;gh;fs; Vd; ,itfis Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbahky;g; NghdJ.
Njlfk; xU
khw;Wf; fUj;J mikg;ghf tshr;;rpailtijg; ghh;j;J ntspNawp NtW mikg;Gf;fis
cUthf;fpath;fs;. (md;W gy Fog;gq;fis tpiotpj;jth;fs;) Njlfj;jpd;
tsh;r;rpf;fhfg; ghLgl;l egh;fis tha; $rhky;g; gaq;futhjpfs; vd;W $wpaik jhq;fs;
Gj;jprhypfs; vd;W fUjpj; jq;fs; jiyapy; kz;iz thupg; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
,th;fs; ,e;j cah; Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jidahy;f; ftug;gl;lth;fs; (,th;fs;
cz;ikahfNt ,e;J cah; Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; my;y)
jhq;fs;
Gjpjhf cUthf;fp mikg;Gfshy; elj;jg;GLk; epfo;r;fSf:F Ms;j; jpul;Ltjw;Fk;>
tpkh;rdk; nra;tjw;Fk; gad; gLj;Jk; NghJ mth;fs; gaq;futhjpfshf njd;gltpy;iy.
,th;fs; GypfSld; ,izAk; NghJjhd; (Kd;G ,Nj Fzhk;rk; nfhz;lth;fs;) khw;Wf; fUj;J
thjpfs; (Njlfj;jpy; ,Ue;j) gaq;futhjpfshfTk;> jkpo; ,dj; JNuhfpfshfTk; njd;gl;lhh;fs;.
[dehafj;Jf;F vjpuhfhr; nray;g;gl;lhh;fs; ( Njlfj;jpy; ,Ue;j gyh; vjph;g;Gj;
njhptpj;jhh;fs;). ,Jcah; ,e;J Nkyhjpf;fNkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jidapd; ntspg;ghlhFk;.
,th;fs; tpjp tpyf;fhd kdpjh;fs; my;y. [dehafj;ijAk;> kdpjj;ijAk;>
el;igAk;> cwTfisAk; kjpf;fj; njhpahjth;fs; kw;wth;fs; kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;JtJ
mgj;jkhd rpW gps;isj; jdkhFk;.
cyf
Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; cyf kakhf;Fk; nfhs;ifiaj; njd; fpof;F MrpahTf;Ff; nfhz;L
tUtjw;F mUk; ghLgl;lth;fs; Gypfs; jhd;. ,jw;Fj; njhlh;r;rpahd ,df; fytuj;ij
elj;jpa N[. Mh; upd; ifiag; gyg;gLj;jpj; njhopw; rq;fq;fis cUthf;f Kbahj
rl;lj;Jf;Ff; fPo; th;j;jftyaj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;fs;. ngz; njhopyhspfs; rpWePufk;
fopf;f mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;l ,Wf;fkhd Kjyhspj;Jtf; fl;ikg;igf; nfhz;ljhFk;. mq;F
rfy njhopyhsh;fSk; mbikfshf elj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;.
,t;
th;j;jftiyaj;ij cUthf;fpajpy; N[. Mh; Uf;F ntw;wp. jd; vjpupfis mopj;jjpy;g;
gpughfuDf;F ntw;wp. Mdhy; kf;fs; gaq;futhjj;Jf;Fs; rpf;Fz;lhh;fs;. ,itfis
czh;e;J nfhs;sNth> Ghpe;Jnfs;sNth ,j; Njlf ez;gUf;F Kbahky;g; NghdJ.
cyfkakhf;Fk;
nfhs;iff;fhf mnkhpf;fhTf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLk; ,th;fSf;F ,yq;if tpilak; Ghpahky;
NghdJ Vd;? ,f; nfhs;if Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;wij Vd; czutpy;iy. ,f;
nfhs;ifahy; ,e;jpah> rPdh> ag;ghd; Nghd;w ehLfs; Vw;W kjpg;
nghUshjhuj;jpy; 75 rj tPjj;Jf;F Nky; ,e; ehLfspd; ifapy; cs;sJ vd;gij ,e;j
khh;f;rpa thjpfs; (,d;iwa Njlfj;jpy; cs;s) Vd; Gupe;J nfhs;stpy;iy. (,J jdp
kdpjf; FNuhjq;fs; jhd;)
cyfk;
khw;Wf; fUj;Jld; tsh;r;rp mile;J gpur;ridfis> Kuz;ghLfisg; Ngrpj; jPh;j;Jf;
nfhs;syhk; vd;w epiyg; ghl;by; tsh;e;Js;s fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;jj; Njlf ez;gh;fs;
kuT khh;f;rpa thjpfisg; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;Sfpd;whh;fs;. jq;fis khh;f;rpa
mwpT[Ptpfs; vd;W fUjpf; nfhz;l aho; cah; Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf; Fbr; rpe;jidia
nfhz;lth;fshfr; nray;g;gl;ljhy;j;jhd; ah;g;ghzj;jpy; ,aq;fpa
nghJTilikthjpfisAk;> ,lJrhupfisAk; mopj;jJ. mJNghd;w epiyjhd; Njlfj;Jf;Fk;.
,j; Njlf
ez;gh;fs; Kd;G <o tpLjiy mikg;Gf;fs; %yk; fpilj;j Njhy;tpfs;> Njlfk;
Muk;gpj;j gpd; ,t; cah; Nkyhjpf;f Nkl;Lf; Fbapdh;fs; ,th;fisj; JNuhfpd;W
$wpajhy; Vw;gl;l kd cior;ryhYk;> ,th;fs; NtW mikg;Gf;fisj; njhlq;fp mjd;
%yk; Vw;gl;l Njhy;tpfSk; jhd; ,th;fis ,e;j epiyf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;jJ. ,th;fs; xd;iw
kwe;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. xU juk; Gypfshy;j; JNuhfpfs; vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;lhy; ,e;
egh; kuzkhFk; kl;Lk; JNuhfp JNuhfpjhd;. ,ij ePq;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Njlfj;jpy;
,Ue;J (md;W cq;fs; nray;g;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf) ntspNawpa ez;gh;fs; xU mikg;ig
cUthf;fp xU rkhjhdj; jpl;lj;ij tiue;jhh;fs;. mNj Nghy; xU jPh;Tj;jpl;lj;ij
ePq;fs; tiue;J mth;fSld; fye;J ciuahba gpd; Vh;g;gl; Njy;tpahy; cq;fis tPuh;fs;
vd;W fhl;l ePq;fs; Gypapd; gf;fk; rhu;e;Jtpl;Bh;fs;. ,jw;F cq;fSila khh;f;rpa
thjpfspd; gq;F mjpfkhFk;.
md;W
Njlfk; rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf xU Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij Kd; itj;j ,U Njlf ez;gh;fisj;
JNuhfpfs; vd;W (re;jpupf;fhtpd; Ms; vd;W) $wpaij epidT+l;Lfpd;Nwd;.
[dehaf
kWg;G thjpfspdJk;> mNahf;fpah;fspDJk; (ntspehLfspy;) ,Wjpf; $lhuk;
gaq;futhjpfspd; $lhukhFk;.
Fwpg;G:-
KUfd; vOjpa fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;j jtuf;fhf vOjg;gl;l flL;iu jhd; ,J.